Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Enhances Interstage Growth in Infants With Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

This retrospective study of 69 infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome demonstrates that percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy insertion between Norwood and Glenn procedures significantly improves interstage growth velocity and reduces moderate-to-severe malnutrition rates by 40%. Higher weight-for-age z-scores at Glenn were associated with improved postoperative survival.