Therapeutic ureteroscopy for urolithiasis in children younger than 60 months of age

This study demonstrates that therapeutic ureteroscopy with Holmium:YAG laser is safe and effective for treating urinary stones in very young children (under 5 years), achieving 94.8% stone clearance with low complication rates. The authors advocate for URS as first-line therapy in this age group given advances in smaller endoscopic equipment.