Hepatic separation of conjoined twins: Operative technique and review of three-dimensional model utilization

This case series reviews the surgical separation of conjoined twins with shared hepatic anatomy, emphasizing the role of 3D printed models in preoperative planning. The authors present two institutional cases and a literature review of 17 separation procedures, demonstrating that 3D modeling technology significantly enhances surgeon understanding of complex variable anatomy and improves operative outcomes in these rare, multidisciplinary procedures.