Lymphatic malformations compromising the upper airway in children: ultrasound-guided intralesional focal sclerotherapy with bleomycin targeting culprit lesions

This study presents a targeted ultrasound-guided bleomycin sclerotherapy technique for pediatric lymphatic malformations causing upper airway compromise. The focal approach achieved rapid lesion shrinkage with low bleomycin doses, enabling airway support withdrawal in a median of 15 days and avoiding tracheostomy in all 11 patients without complications.