Recurrence of pectus excavatum in long-term follow-up after the Nuss procedure in young children based on the radiographic Haller index

Long-term radiographic follow-up of 42 children who underwent Nuss procedure before age 10 shows progressive increase in Haller index after bar removal, suggesting risk of recurrence during growth. Radiographic measurements demonstrated significant worsening at 3 and 5 years post-removal despite initial correction.