Risk factors for pneumothorax associated with isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia: results of a Japanese multicenter study

Multicenter Japanese study of 495 isolated CDH neonates found 10.5% developed pneumothorax, with significantly lower survival rates compared to those without. Higher mean airway pressure (>16 cmH2O) was the primary independent risk factor for pneumothorax development, occurring both pre- and post-operatively.