Lifestyle and sociodemographic risk factors for gastroschisis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 58 studies identifies maternal smoking, illicit drug use, and alcohol consumption as significant risk factors for gastroschisis, with relative risks ranging from 1.40 to 2.14. Black mothers showed decreased risk compared to non-Hispanic white mothers, highlighting important racial disparities in this congenital abdominal wall defect.