Tunnelled central venous access devices in small children: A comparison of open vs. ultrasound-guided percutaneous insertion in children weighing ten kilograms or less

Retrospective comparison of 232 tunneled central venous catheter insertions in children ≤10kg, evaluating safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous technique versus traditional open surgical approach. Study examines intraoperative complications, conversion rates, and catheter longevity across six years at a tertiary pediatric center.