Different Nuss procedures and risk management for pectus excavatum after surgery for congenital heart disease

Retrospective study of 49 patients undergoing Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum after prior congenital heart surgery, demonstrating three modified surgical approaches to mitigate cardiac injury risk from retrosternal adhesions. Results showed 93.9% excellent outcomes with 6.1% severe complications, emphasizing the importance of individualized surgical planning and experienced surgeons when operating in previously dissected mediastinum.