Non-variceal gastrointestinal bleed in children: surgical experience with emphasis on management challenges

Surgical series of 87 pediatric non-variceal GI bleeding cases categorized by anatomic site, with small bowel bleeds most common and diagnostically challenging. Ectopic gastric mucosa was the leading cause in small bowel cases, while intraoperative enteroscopy proved essential for localizing 18% of lesions not identified preoperatively.