Hirschsprung's disease and Down syndrome: From the reappraisal of risk factors to the impact of surgery

Retrospective study of 23 patients with concurrent Hirschsprung disease and Down syndrome shows higher rates of symptomatic anal achalasia requiring botulinum toxin injection and worse long-term continence outcomes compared to Hirschsprung disease alone. Findings emphasize the need for personalized rehabilitation and extended follow-up in this patient population.