StayCurrentMD · Multidisciplinary Approach: Intestinal Failure Innovations
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Video97 min·Published Dec 2014Older

Multidisciplinary Approach: Intestinal Failure Innovations

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What the experts said40 expert statements
Team approach to intestinal failure reduced 1-year mortality from 30-40% to approximately 5% per year at University of Michigan
ClinicalSam
Cincinnati's intestinal failure program was started in 1984
ClinicalSam
Intestinal failure is defined by inadequate bowel length OR bowel that doesn't absorb nutrition and fluid adequately to maintain growth
ClinicalMonique
Almost 30% of patients leaving NICU without rotavirus vaccination were readmitted with rotavirus infection
Epidemiological
Joint weekly rounds with surgeons, gastroenterologists, dietitians, and neonatologists help identify protocol deviations and build family rapport
ClinicalSam
Breast milk provides not just immunostimulatory benefits but motility effects through oligosaccharides and healing properties
Clinical
PIFCON study data showing 25% mortality or transplant referral are now archaic; outcomes have improved dramatically in past 5 years
OpinionSam
Cincinnati reduced catheter-related bloodstream infections from 12 per 1000 catheter-days to 2 per 1000, approaching <1 per 1000
Clinical
Standardized central line bundles and multi-hospital communication networks have reduced line infections across pediatric populations
Clinical
Intestinal failure patients have unique propensity for line infections and different infection types compared to general pediatric population
Clinical
Toronto experience paper in JPGN examined PICC lines for TPN administration
Clinical
Complication-free survival of PICC lines is approximately half that of broviacs according to IR literature
ClinicalSam
Subclavian approach for central lines carries higher risk of stenosis compared to jugular approach
ClinicalValerie
Lack of vascular access is no longer a common indication for intestinal transplant in past 3 years at some centers
Clinical
Ethanol locks use 70% concentration with 2-6 hour dwell time, can be given 3 times weekly (Monday/Wednesday/Friday) with good results
ClinicalSam
Ethanol locks work better with 6.6 French catheters than smaller catheters; smaller PICC lines tend to occlude
ClinicalSam
Younger NPO infants often cannot tolerate TPN windows required for ethanol locks
ClinicalSam
UK predominantly uses taurolidine locks rather than ethanol locks for line infection prevention
ClinicalGirish
Line care education is crucial; recurrent infections warrant revisiting line care practices before implementing locks
ClinicalGirish
Fungal line infections are pulled more promptly, but some centers now treat through even fungal infections in patients with limited vascular access
Clinical
Phytosterols in soy-based lipids are cleared poorly, share cholesterol transporter (down-regulated by endotoxemia), and reduce FXR receptor expression causing hepatocyte damage
ClinicalSam
Limiting lipid intake to 1 g/kg/day reduces cholestasis rate to less than 5% of patients
ClinicalSam
Fish oil-based lipid (Omegaven) may have anti-inflammatory advantage and benefit patients who don't respond to lipid restriction
ClinicalSam
Neonatologists often maintain higher lipid doses (2-3 g/kg/day) due to concern about depriving infants of linoleic acid and affecting brain development
ClinicalSam
With lipid restriction protocols, cholestasis rarely emerges from Cincinnati NICU
Clinical
Standard metrics for essential fatty acid deficiency are based on malnourished children not on TPN, so altered triene:tetraene ratios may not apply the same way
Opinion
Symptomatic essential fatty acid deficiency is not seen in practice with lipid restriction protocols
Clinical
Higher glucose infusion rates become less efficient as caloric source and are pushed toward fatty acid and fat deposition
Clinical
Age-based glucose infusion rate limits: generally 15-16 in premature/infants, gradually decreasing with age
Guideline
Intestinal failure patients may not need to maintain 50th percentile growth; unclear what appropriate growth curve should be for this population
Opinion
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in intestinal failure are multifactorial (prolonged hospitalization, recurrent admissions, neonatal insults), not solely attributable to lipid strategies
ClinicalGirish
Babies with spontaneous intestinal perforation (no functional bowel removed) still require 2-3 months of parenteral nutrition
Clinical
Feed absorption and ability to progress feeds are the best measures of bowel function, not absolute bowel length
ClinicalGirish
Ability to wean TPN while maintaining good growth is the most important functional measure
Opinion
Upper GI studies can identify problems but cannot rule them out; absence of findings does not exclude anastomotic issues
Clinical
Delayed contrast films may reveal that barium flows into anastomosis but doesn't flow out well, suggesting functional problem
Clinical
Some anastomoses are not strictured but kinked or twisted, creating functional rather than anatomic obstruction
Clinical
Endoscopy is valuable for visualizing anastomosis diameter; sometimes can get scope on both sides but cannot see anastomosis itself
ClinicalSam
Motility abnormalities in short bowel syndrome are not well described; manometric assessment is less helpful in this population
OpinionSam
Post-gastric tube feeding with gastric decompression can demonstrate distal bowel function and avoid unnecessary surgeries
Clinical