# Trauma — GCMD Library living collection

Everything in the library about trauma — built automatically from dossiers that name it.

Updated: n/a · 4 episodes · 83 cited statements

## Episodes
### Fundamentals
- [Pediatric Gun Violence: Pediatric Trauma Series 2017](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392) — video · 22:56 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392.md)

### Evidence & Research
- [Differences Between Pediatric & Adult Trauma Centers](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334) — video · 3:39 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334.md)
- [Differences Between Pediatric & Adult Trauma Centers](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945) — video · 3:39 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945.md)

### Emerging & Future Directions
- [Surgical Skill Acquisition in the Modern Era: Comparative Technology in...](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979) — video · 13:39 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979.md)

## Chapters
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=0) Introduction and Setting (Ep 1)
- [0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14) Study Review: Pediatric vs Adult Trauma Centers for Adolescents (Ep 1)
- [2:57](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=177) Discussion of Imaging Practices (Ep 1)
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=0) Epidemiology of Pediatric Firearm Injuries (Ep 2)
- [7:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=420) Medical Organization Policy Responses to Sandy Hook (Ep 2)
- [12:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=720) Firearms as a Public Health Problem: The Haddon Matrix (Ep 2)
- [15:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=900) Firearms and Youth Suicide (Ep 2)
- [18:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1100) Research Funding and Physician-Patient Relationship (Ep 2)
- [20:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1210) Discussion: Advocacy and Working with the NRA (Ep 2)
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=0) Introduction and Setting (Ep 3)
- [0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14) Study Review: Pediatric vs Adult Trauma Centers for Adolescents (Ep 3)
- [2:57](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=177) Discussion of Imaging Differences (Ep 3)
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=0) Historical context of surgical education and the apprenticeship model (Ep 4)
- [3:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=180) The five-step skill acquisition model (Ep 4)
- [5:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=300) Early telementoring experiences and technology evolution (Ep 4)
- [8:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=480) Advanced telestration technology and international telementoring (Ep 4)
- [11:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=660) The Akron-Tromsø project and implementation barriers (Ep 4)

## Statements
Every statement is attributed, typed, and timestamped; the link is the citation.
- "There is substantial data showing pediatric trauma centers are better for young children, but evidence for adolescents aged 15-19 is less clear." — Rich Falcone (clinical) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "A prior Ohio-only study showed no difference in outcomes for 15-19 year olds whether treated at adult or pediatric trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "The National Trauma Data Bank study included patients aged 15-19 with injury severity scores greater than 25 over a 5-year period, totaling almost 13,000 patients." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "51% of severely injured adolescents in the study were treated at adult trauma centers and 49% at pediatric trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "The median injury severity score (ISS) in the study population was 33." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "45% of patients in the study had Glasgow Coma Scale scores less than 8, indicating severe brain injuries." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "There was no significant difference in mortality between severely injured adolescents treated at adult versus pediatric trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "Adolescents treated at adult trauma centers were approximately 81% more likely to have an imaging study performed compared to those at pediatric trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "Severely injured adolescents had shorter length of stay at pediatric trauma centers compared to adult trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "Severely injured adolescents had shorter ICU length of stay at pediatric trauma centers compared to adult trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "More adolescents were discharged to home (as opposed to rehab or skilled nursing facilities) when treated at pediatric trauma centers compared to adult trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "Mortality is not the most important or reliable outcome for pediatric trauma because most children survive once they reach a hospital." — Rich Falcone (opinion) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "Pediatric trauma centers add value for children even up into the adolescent age range (15-19 years)." — Rich Falcone (opinion) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "Adult trauma centers need to achieve equivalent imaging and length of stay practices to pediatric trauma centers for adolescents, since 51% of this population presents to adult facilities." — Rich Falcone (opinion) [Ep 1 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=14)
- "Pediatric trauma centers can achieve equivalent outcomes with less imaging by trusting clinical diagnosis and examination, avoiding unnecessary radiation exposure." — Rich Falcone (clinical) [Ep 1 · 3:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=195)
- "A recent study showed that referring hospitals had higher imaging rates than children's hospitals for appendicitis." — Todd Ponsky (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 2:57](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-334?t=177)
- "Over the last 25 years, mortality from pediatric trauma has decreased by about 50%." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=0)
- "Trauma is still the single most common cause of death in the pediatric population and more common than all other causes combined." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=0)
- "Among pediatric injury deaths at trauma centers, motor vehicle crashes are the number one cause, followed by firearms and falls (National Trauma Data Bank 2016)." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=0)
- "For children who reach a trauma center, firearms are the most lethal mechanism—the cause most likely to result in death." (clinical) [Ep 2 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=0)
- "The number of firearm deaths in the pediatric population now is about the same as at the beginning of this century, showing little progress." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=0)
- "Among pediatric firearm deaths by intent, homicides are most common, followed by suicide, then unintentional injuries." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=0)
- "In the 15-19 age group, firearms are responsible for 84% of homicides." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=0)
- "In the 15-19 age group, firearms are responsible for 46% of suicides." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=0)
- "In the 15-19 age group, 25% of all deaths involve a firearm." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=0)
- "Following Sandy Hook, the American Academy of Pediatrics, American College of Surgeons, and American Pediatric Surgical Association reviewed and updated their policy statements on firearm safety and injury prevention." (guideline) [Ep 2 · 7:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=420)
- "Eight organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Family Physicians, American College of Surgeons, American Psychiatric Association, American Public Health Association, and American Bar Association, published a white paper in the Annals of Internal Medicine advocating multidisciplinary collaboration to reduce firearm injuries." (guideline) [Ep 2 · 7:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=420)
- "A survey of American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma members showed that every advocacy topic related to firearms had over 50% support, and nearly half had over 90% support." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 7:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=420)
- "The American Pediatric Surgical Association submitted its firearm policy statement to the entire membership for review and discussion at the annual meeting, resulting in overwhelming approval." (guideline) [Ep 2 · 7:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=420)
- "Over the last 30-40 years, there has been a 17% reduction in motor vehicle-related deaths and a 77% increase in vehicle miles traveled, while firearm-related deaths increased by 15%." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 12:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=720)
- "Motor vehicle mortality has declined from about 5 deaths per billion vehicle miles traveled to 1.14 over the last five decades." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 12:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=720)
- "In the pediatric population, suicide is the third leading cause of death." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 15:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=900)
- "There are an estimated 25 suicide attempts for every completed suicide in youth." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 15:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=900)
- "In youth suicides, the use of a firearm is successful in 95% of cases." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 15:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=900)
- "Firearms are involved in almost 50% of completed youth suicides." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 15:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=900)
- "90% of patients who survive a suicide attempt do not ultimately die from suicide." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 15:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=900)
- "Most adolescent suicides occur in the home with a firearm owned by the parent." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 15:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=900)
- "Many youth suicides are quite impulsive, happening in less than 5 minutes from impulse to action." (clinical) [Ep 2 · 15:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=900)
- "Suicide mortality is not reduced with trigger locks or gun safes in some cases because teenagers may have been shown where the firearm is or given the combination to protect themselves." (clinical) [Ep 2 · 15:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=900)
- "In 1992, the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control was established under the CDC." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 18:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1100)
- "Art Kellerman published a paper demonstrating that gun ownership is a risk factor for homicide in the home, which became a target of the NRA." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 18:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1100)
- "In 1996, Jay Dickey successfully added an amendment to an annual spending bill that cut CDC funding to the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control by the specific amount allocated for firearm research." (guideline) [Ep 2 · 18:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1100)
- "Cancer research is funded at a rate of about $4,200 per year of potential life lost, while firearm-related research is funded at $2.70 per year of potential life lost from US sources." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 18:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1100)
- "Many medical organizations recommend that physicians counsel parents regarding the risks and benefits of keeping firearms in the home." (guideline) [Ep 2 · 18:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1100)
- "The majority of gun-owning parents feel that physician counseling about firearm safety is appropriate." (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 18:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1100)
- "Florida passed the Firearm Owners Privacy Act (Docs vs Glocks law), which restricts healthcare providers from making written inquiries or asking questions about firearm ownership, with penalties including loss of license and up to $10,000 fine." (guideline) [Ep 2 · 18:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1100)
- "The Florida Supreme Court overturned the Docs vs Glocks law, but the state appealed to the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals, where a three-judge panel ruled in favor of the state; the full en banc 11th Circuit then overturned the law again." (guideline) [Ep 2 · 18:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1100)
- "The NRA has a 40-50 year head start on advocacy efforts and has been profoundly successful, particularly at the state legislative level." (opinion) [Ep 2 · 20:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1210)
- "Most firearm legislation and activity happens at the state level, not the federal level." (opinion) [Ep 2 · 20:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1210)
- "Firearm legislation efforts tend to happen in fits and starts, with outrage following events like Sandy Hook gradually dying down along with advocacy efforts." (opinion) [Ep 2 · 20:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/pediatric-gun-violence-pediatric-trauma-series-2017-392?t=1210)
- "There is plenty of data showing pediatric trauma centers are better for young children, but evidence for adolescents aged 15-19 is less clear." — Rich Falcone (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "A previous study looking at Ohio data showed no difference in outcomes for adolescents aged 15-19 whether treated at adult or pediatric trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "The study by Ashley Walther et al. used the National Trauma Data Bank and included patients aged 15-19 with injury severity scores greater than 25." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "Over a 5-year period, the study identified almost 13,000 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, with 51% treated at adult trauma centers and 49% at pediatric trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "The patient groups at adult and pediatric trauma centers were demographically very similar without significant differences." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "The median injury severity score (ISS) for the study population was 33." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "45% of patients in the study had a Glasgow Coma Score of less than 8, indicating severe brain injuries." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "There was no significant difference in mortality between adolescents treated at adult versus pediatric trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "Adolescents treated at adult trauma centers were approximately 81% more likely to have an imaging study performed compared to those at pediatric trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "Patients at pediatric trauma centers had shorter length of stay compared to those at adult trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "Patients at pediatric trauma centers had shorter ICU length of stay compared to those at adult trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "More patients were discharged to home (as opposed to rehab or skilled nursing facilities) when cared for at pediatric trauma centers compared to adult trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "Mortality is not the most important or reliable outcome for pediatric trauma because most children survive once they reach a hospital." — Rich Falcone (opinion) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "Pediatric trauma centers add value for children even up into the adolescent age range (15-19 years)." — Rich Falcone (opinion) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "51% of severely injured adolescents are going to adult trauma centers, so adult centers need to achieve equivalent imaging practices and length of stays to pediatric trauma centers." — Rich Falcone (opinion) [Ep 3 · 0:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=14)
- "Pediatric trauma centers can care for severely injured adolescents using less imaging while achieving the same outcomes and shorter lengths of stay." — Rich Falcone (clinical) [Ep 3 · 3:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=195)
- "Clinical diagnosis and clinical examination can be trusted in evaluating severely injured adolescents without requiring extensive imaging." — Rich Falcone (clinical) [Ep 3 · 3:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=195)
- "Severely injured adolescents do not need radiation exposure from extensive imaging when clinical evaluation is adequate." — Rich Falcone (clinical) [Ep 3 · 3:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/differences-between-pediatric-adult-trauma-centers-945?t=195)
- "Medical knowledge doubles every 18 months according to Brian's earlier statement" (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 2:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=120)
- "Sir William Osler established that medical training should include residency, bringing doctors to patients rather than relying solely on lectures" (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 0:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=50)
- "Dr. William Halstead, a surgeon, created surgical residency based on Osler's residency concept" (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 1:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=70)
- "The traditional surgical apprenticeship model involves three stages: expert performs while trainee watches, trainee performs with expert watching carefully, and trainee performs almost autonomously with minimal oversight" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 1:25](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=85)
- "The skill acquisition model consists of five steps: course attendance, trainee observes expert, trainee performs with expert watching, telementoring, and teleproctoring" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 3:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=200)
- "Telementoring should be introduced at step 4 of the skill acquisition model, not at step 1" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 4:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=240)
- "Virtual courses allow surgeons to learn without traveling, using the internet in ways that make sense" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 4:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=260)
- "The first telementoring case used Skype for a baby requiring lung resection, with verbal pointing only and no telestration capability" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 5:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=300)
- "Verbal pointing without telestration was really difficult for guiding surgical procedures remotely" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 5:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=335)
- "The Visitor One solution provides robust telestration capability with integrated drawing features" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 5:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=345)
- "Telestration lines move when the camera moves during surgery, which is a technical limitation" (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 7:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=420)
- "The Norwegian group (Etai Bogen and colleagues) developed an off-the-shelf telestration solution using Androids and iPads" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 6:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=400)
- "The surgeon performing the operation must be capable of completing it independently because technology may fail or internet connection may be lost" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 8:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=500)
- "The mentor should provide tips and tricks but not serve as a crutch for the operating surgeon" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 8:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=515)
- "An emergency 'break the glass' telementoring model could help non-pediatric trauma centers manage unstable pediatric trauma patients who cannot be transferred" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 8:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=530)
- "The emergency co-pilot or virtual first assistant model is debated because it involves guidance from someone the surgeon has never met before, without prior relationship" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 9:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=555)
- "Brian has been the leader in defining how to incorporate telementoring into the educational training model" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 9:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=580)
- "The staged skill acquisition model (course, expert performs, trainee performs with expert present, then telementoring) is becoming the more accepted approach" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 9:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=590)
- "Key barriers to telementoring implementation include medical-legal issues, licensing, credentialing, technology costs, and compensation for expert time" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 10:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=610)
- "For global-scale telementoring, experts will need justification for not spending time in their own operating rooms, suggesting volunteer goodwill alone is insufficient" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 10:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=635)
- "Project 6 and the American College of Surgeons Education Committee (David Hoyt and Sadiva) are actively pushing telementoring initiatives" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 10:55](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=655)
- "Demand for telementoring has come primarily from rural surgeons working alone who want assistance without sending all patients to tertiary centers" (epidemiological) [Ep 4 · 11:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=670)
- "Polling of rural surgeons confirmed they want telementoring services" (epidemiological) [Ep 4 · 11:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=680)
- "The Akron-Tromsø project tested whether laparoscopic non-mesh hernia repair could be taught using the complete skill acquisition model" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 11:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=700)
- "The Akron-Tromsø project was led by Knut, Etai Bogan, and Ralph Ole" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 11:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=710)
- "Peter Gessing is a talented general surgeon in Tromsø who also performs pediatric surgery" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 12:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=730)
- "The Akron-Tromsø project progression included: virtual course viewing, in-person demonstration by expert, trainee performing with expert present, telementoring with expert in same building, and finally telementoring from across the ocean" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 12:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=720)
- "The final telementoring session occurred at 3 AM (speaker's time) for a full day of cases in Tromsø using iPad drawing system" (clinical) [Ep 4 · 12:55](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=775)
- "True skill acquisition of new surgical techniques requires more than a simulation course or lecture alone" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 13:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=800)
- "Virtual presence can facilitate skill acquisition but must be an element of a robust model where a relationship is established and both parties become comfortable with each other" (opinion) [Ep 4 · 13:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surgical-skill-acquisition-in-the-modern-era-comparative-technology-in-979?t=810)

## Changelog
- Sep 16: 4 items added automatically

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