# Sepsis — GCMD Library living collection

Everything in the library about sepsis — built automatically from dossiers that name it.

Updated: n/a · 4 episodes · 68 cited statements

## Episodes
### Acute Management
- [Surviving Sepsis - APSA Practice Gaps 2019](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309) — video · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309.md)

### Emerging & Future Directions
- [#APSA50: Artificial Intelligence](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445) — podcast · 15:04 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445.md)
- [Artificial Intelligence Applications in Healthcare - Transforming Healthcare, Episode 7, Part 2](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875) — video · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875.md)
- [2022 Pediatric Surgery Update Course - Top disruptive technologies in medicine](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590) — video · 26:52 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590.md)

## Chapters
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=0) Introduction and Background (Ep 2)
- [1:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=80) Current AI Applications in Healthcare (Ep 2)
- [3:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=200) Addressing Concerns About AI Replacing Physicians (Ep 2)
- [4:18](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=258) AI Applications in Surgery and Critical Care (Ep 2)
- [6:19](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=379) Sepsis Detection and ICU Monitoring (Ep 2)
- [7:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=465) Limitations of AI: Data Requirements (Ep 2)
- [10:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=607) Data Quality and Spurious Associations (Ep 2)
- [11:17](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=677) Cloud Infrastructure for Data Sharing (Ep 2)
- [12:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=740) Ethical Concerns and Regulatory Challenges (Ep 2)
- [14:21](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=861) Closing Remarks (Ep 2)
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=0) Case presentation and initial sepsis management with vasopressor selection (Ep 1)
- [3:38](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=218) Antibiotic timing, fluid management, and audience questions on duodenal atresia (Ep 1)
- [6:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=412) Culture timing, antibiotic stewardship, and source control (Ep 1)
- [9:09](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=549) ECMO and adjunctive therapies for refractory septic shock (Ep 1)
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=0) Introduction and Episode Context (Ep 3)
- [0:21](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=21) Current AI Roles and Sepsis Prediction (Ep 3)
- [1:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=90) AI-Enhanced Microscopy for Bacterial Detection (Ep 3)
- [2:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=130) Patient Flow Optimization and Closing (Ep 3)
- [0:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=10) Medical Escape Rooms for Team Training (Ep 4)
- [6:58](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=418) Virtual Reality and the Metaverse in Healthcare (Ep 4)
- [12:04](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=724) Digital Twins and VR Surgical Planning (Ep 4)
- [18:06](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1086) RFID Patient ID Stickers (Ep 4)
- [22:59](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1379) Q&A and Adoption Timelines (Ep 4)

## Statements
Every statement is attributed, typed, and timestamped; the link is the citation.
- "At the Radiological Society of North America annual meeting, there are about 100 to 150 AI startups presenting in the machine learning showcase, with some products available for purchase and deployed at healthcare systems." — Michael Muley (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 1:46](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=106)
- "Yale has deployed AI for prioritization of head CTs with bleeds, cutting down the time until a radiologist reviews the study." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 2:24](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=144)
- "Most current AI applications in radiology are in the operational realm, augmenting workflow rather than making diagnostic decisions." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 2:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=165)
- "Radiology jobs are here to stay despite AI advances." — Michael Muley (opinion) [Ep 2 · 3:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=183)
- "AI applications in healthcare offer tremendous opportunity to achieve a truly evidence-based medical system." — Michael Muley (opinion) [Ep 2 · 3:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=215)
- "What surgeons are taught during surgical training is what they will do in practice, and most of the time there is no evidence behind it, or the evidence is very weak." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 3:58](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=238)
- "Laparoscopic surgery offers a natural opportunity for AI because it captures data digitally with video." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 4:43](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=283)
- "Surgical robots are not currently using AI tools primarily for regulatory reasons, but will start to incorporate them once that hurdle is overcome." — Michael Muley (opinion) [Ep 2 · 4:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=290)
- "Trauma triaging is currently done based on very simple rules and is not very data driven." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 5:28](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=328)
- "AI impact on the actual operating room (outside of operational tasks) will take a lot longer, if it happens at all." — Michael Muley (opinion) [Ep 2 · 5:42](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=342)
- "A simple sepsis alert system based on four criteria (elevated or low white count, temperature, heart rate) was rolled out at Penn State but failed because it was a simple rule set that went off all the time." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 6:29](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=389)
- "With deep learning, sepsis alerts can be much more sophisticated, and some places like Emory have sepsis alerts deployed into the workflow." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 7:06](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=426)
- "Deep learning requires very large datasets because the neural networks learn just by example and need many examples with good variety of the data space." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 7:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=465)
- "In radiology, whether a GE or Siemens device is used may affect what the algorithm learns." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 8:11](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=491)
- "The current limitation for AI in healthcare is access to very large datasets, especially compared to other domains where billions of data points are available daily." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 8:19](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=499)
- "The more specific the disease or patient population (such as pediatric surgery), the harder it becomes to collect large, high-quality labeled datasets." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 8:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=525)
- "Tesla has 100,000 to 200,000 cars driving around every day collecting data for training self-driving capability." — Michael Muley (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 9:11](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=551)
- "Waymo has collected about 10 million miles of driving experience for self-driving cars." — Michael Muley (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 9:26](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=566)
- "It is very difficult to generate large datasets in healthcare because data collection must fit into clinical workflow, cannot be easily simulated, and faces technical, organizational, and regulatory barriers." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 9:34](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=574)
- "Deep learning models are very good at learning associations from images if given enough data, but they learn whatever association is present, including spurious ones." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 10:26](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=626)
- "In melanoma image recognition, AI learned that the presence of a ruler in the picture was associated with malignancy." — Alexander Gibbons (host_summary) [Ep 2 · 10:12](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=612)
- "On CT scans, markers that exist outside the patient may tip the algorithm that the scan is from a particular hospital with different disease prevalence." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 10:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=645)
- "Cloud-based data infrastructure is the way data centers in general and healthcare specifically will operate in the future, opening opportunities for access to larger datasets." — Michael Muley (opinion) [Ep 2 · 11:17](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=677)
- "Once data is centralized in the cloud, it becomes much easier to create frameworks that allow data sharing between institutions for research purposes, while still maintaining access controls." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 11:33](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=693)
- "A model trained on data in the US may not work anywhere else due to differences in patient populations." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 12:26](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=746)
- "If there is any racial or ethnic bias in training data, the AI model will have that bias as well." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 12:36](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=756)
- "Training a machine learning model is actually a very small part of what needs to be done to deploy AI in healthcare." — Michael Muley (opinion) [Ep 2 · 13:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=780)
- "How the FDA will decide what is a safe medical device for AI applications remains an unsolved question." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 13:05](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=785)
- "Even if AI models are not better than humans, they are much more consistent, which is their great promise." — Michael Muley (opinion) [Ep 2 · 13:21](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=801)
- "There is huge variance between how different radiologists read studies, sometimes incorrectly and sometimes due to differences of opinion." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 13:33](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=813)
- "Similar variance exists among ophthalmologists and applies anywhere humans make decisions, including pediatric surgery." — Michael Muley (clinical) [Ep 2 · 13:53](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=833)
- "The great opportunity for AI is reducing variance and providing consistent care according to current knowledge." — Michael Muley (opinion) [Ep 2 · 14:04](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/apsa50-artificial-intelligence-1445?t=844)
- "The Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines first came out in 2004, were modified in 2008, and the last modification was in 2016. The latest pediatric guidelines are from 2012." (guideline) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=0)
- "In adults, norepinephrine is the vasopressor of choice according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign." (guideline) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=0)
- "For children, dopamine used to be the fallback vasopressor for the longest time." (clinical) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=0)
- "Two recent randomized trials compared dopamine with epinephrine in children: one study showed better mortality for those randomized to epinephrine, and the other study showed epinephrine had better, more rapid and sustained improvement in systolic blood pressure compared to dopamine." (clinical) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=0)
- "Epinephrine is probably the treatment of choice among vasopressor options for pediatric septic shock." (opinion) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=0)
- "There is good adult data to suggest that the use of vasopressin or vasopressin-like drugs can be very efficacious in increasing blood pressure." (clinical) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=0)
- "In pediatric trials of vasopressin, there have been too few and they were not randomized, therefore the data is not there yet." (clinical) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=0)
- "In the Surviving Sepsis Campaign, there is a role for hydrocortisone for patients who are vasopressor refractory, meaning you started vasopressors and their systolic blood pressure remains low." (guideline) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=0)
- "The 2012 pediatric sepsis guidelines recommend giving 20 mL/kg boluses of isotonic fluid (saline) or colloid (like albumin), up to 60 mL/kg total." (guideline) [Ep 1 · 4:02](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=242)
- "The goal of fluid resuscitation is perfusion improvement. At 40 mL/kg, if you're seeing perfusion improvement, you don't have to give the third bolus." (guideline) [Ep 1 · 4:02](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=242)
- "You stop fluid resuscitation if you're seeing over-perfusion, for example patients develop rales on auscultation or their liver gets large and enlarged." (clinical) [Ep 1 · 4:02](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=242)
- "There is data to show in adults especially that if you wait over 3 hours to start antibiotics in a patient who's septic, your survival goes down." (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 4:02](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=242)
- "If hemoglobin is less than 10 grams per deciliter, then a transfusion may be indicated in septic patients." (host_summary) [Ep 1 · 5:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=335)
- "There is no role for activated protein C in pediatric sepsis management." (host_summary) [Ep 1 · 5:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=335)
- "Sepsis guidelines recommend fluids, antibiotics and vasopressors if needed, all within the first hour." (host_summary) [Ep 1 · 5:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=335)
- "The recommendation for antibiotics is broad spectrum coverage, such as an extended spectrum penicillin like piperacillin-tazobactam or ampicillin-sulbactam." (clinical) [Ep 1 · 6:01](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=361)
- "If you're concerned about fungal infection, throw that in as well as part of broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy." (host_summary) [Ep 1 · 6:28](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=388)
- "The revised adult guidelines from 2016 emphasized that you draw blood for lactate level and send cultures just prior to starting antibiotics. You don't wait, but you want to send those cultures as soon as possible." (guideline) [Ep 1 · 6:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=412)
- "Previous sepsis campaigns led to patients being on broad spectrum antibiotics for a very prolonged period of time, which led to a subsequent recommendation for antibiotic stewardship." (guideline) [Ep 1 · 6:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=412)
- "Antibiotic stewardship means you follow cultures and titrate antibiotics down or stop them altogether if in three or four days patients have improved and it's no longer an infectious issue." (host_summary) [Ep 1 · 7:32](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=452)
- "The adult Surviving Sepsis Campaign talks about managing infection, managing resuscitation, using ventilation where required, and finally system improvement." (guideline) [Ep 1 · 7:59](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=479)
- "In the manage infection component, antibiotics is just one thing; source control is key. If you have an abscess, perforated appendicitis, or something of that nature, source control is key." (clinical) [Ep 1 · 7:59](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=479)
- "The adult Surviving Sepsis Campaign introduced antibiotic stewardship as the third part of manage infection." (guideline) [Ep 1 · 7:59](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=479)
- "In one study, the odds ratio for not starting antibiotics within 3 hours in children was 3.92, meaning they were almost four times more likely to die." (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 7:59](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=479)
- "The manage resuscitation component includes fluids, a target mean arterial pressure target, and the use of vasopressors. These steps have been shown to clearly reduce mortality in patients with sepsis." (clinical) [Ep 1 · 7:59](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=479)
- "In patients who have not responded to vasopressors and remain hypotensive after starting hydrocortisone and giving boluses, three adjuncts have been brought up: extracorporeal life support (ECMO), renal replacement therapy, and plasmapheresis." (clinical) [Ep 1 · 9:37](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=577)
- "Of the three adjuncts (ECMO, renal replacement therapy, plasmapheresis), the one that's been studied the most and is still in use is extracorporeal life support." (clinical) [Ep 1 · 9:37](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=577)
- "ECMO is not formally mentioned in the sepsis guidelines, but it certainly is there as an adjunct in institutions where you have the ability to use ECMO for patients who are still not responding." (guideline) [Ep 1 · 9:37](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=577)
- "The survival for patients who went on ECMO with severe sepsis with refractory hypotension is about 46% overall when you look at all comers, which is better than zero." (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 9:37](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/surviving-sepsis-apsa-practice-gaps-2019-2309?t=577)
- "Current roles for AI in medical settings are mostly for clinical decision support and imaging analysis." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:21](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=21)
- "Clinical decision support tools help providers make decisions about treatments, medications, mental health, and other patient needs." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=35)
- "AI tools are being used to analyze CT scans, X-rays, MRIs in medical imaging." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 0:48](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=48)
- "Innocence BD uses predictive AI to identify infants at risk of developing sepsis by up to several hours." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 1:02](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=62)
- "The Innocence BD sepsis detection system is 75% accurate in detecting severe sepsis." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 1:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=90)
- "The Innocence BD system generates less than one false alarm per week." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 1:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=100)
- "Harvard University teaching hospital doctors developed an AI-enhanced microscope to scan for harmful bacteria like E. coli and staphylococcus in blood samples at a faster rate than manual scanning." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 1:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=112)
- "The Harvard AI microscope system identifies and predicts E. coli and staphylococcus bacteria in blood with 95% accuracy." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 2:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=130)
- "Johns Hopkins Hospital uses predictive AI techniques to improve the efficiency of patient operational flow." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 2:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=142)
- "AI quickly prioritizes hospital activity to benefit patients at Johns Hopkins Hospital." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 2:32](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=152)
- "Since implementing the AI program, Johns Hopkins Hospital has assigned admitted patients 38% faster." — Cecilia Gigena (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 2:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/artificial-intelligence-applications-in-healthcare-transforming-healthcare-episode-7-part-2-5875?t=160)
- "Medical escape rooms have been utilized to teach and reinforce topics including cancer diagnosis, cardiovascular physiology, and fluids and electrolytes." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 4:02](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=242)
- "Institutions including Texas Children's Hospital, University of Kansas health system, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, and University of Minnesota have built medical escape rooms to improve education among trainees." — Rami Shaban (clinical) [Ep 4 · 4:26](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=266)
- "Rami Shaban believes that adding competition to learning drastically improves retention." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 5:53](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=353)
- "Thumbay Group from Dubai, UAE is the first to build a virtual hospital on the metaverse to interact with patients and improve patient experience." — Rami Shaban (clinical) [Ep 4 · 9:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=554)
- "VR can be used to ease anxiety before procedures or during imaging, help with postoperative pain, and in some cases reduce the need for sedation or general anesthesia during minor surgical procedures." — Rami Shaban (clinical) [Ep 4 · 10:02](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=602)
- "In 2018, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford piloted VR capabilities in pediatric clinical settings and has expanded to one of the nation's largest VR programs with over 150 use cases per month." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 10:18](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=618)
- "A randomized controlled trial from Seoul National University College of Medicine showed that VR experience of the preoperative process could reduce preoperative anxiety and improve compliance during anesthetic induction in children undergoing elective surgery and general anesthesia." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 11:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=695)
- "A company called Tellaview offers glasses that allow a remote viewer to see what the wearer sees and telestrate onto their view, including during operations." — Todd Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 12:21](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=741)
- "Overlaying CT scans while operating—so surgeons can see tumor anatomy by turning it on or off—will become impactful soon." — Todd Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 12:38](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=758)
- "Apple is coming out with glasses that are literally just glasses, and overlaying augmented reality will become more applicable for surgeons." — Todd Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 12:53](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=773)
- "Induu allows healthcare professionals to create a unique copy of their patient using CT or MRI scans, and the surgeon can review the digital twin with a virtual headset before going into the case." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 15:29](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=929)
- "The National Institute of Health, OSF Healthcare, and Children's Hospital of Illinois use Induu for training surgical teams, evaluating patient cases, and research collaborations." — Rami Shaban (clinical) [Ep 4 · 15:42](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=942)
- "A significant percentage of surgical residents report they do not feel ready to independently perform procedures upon completion of their training." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 16:13](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=973)
- "VR training represents an accessible, cost-effective, and deliberate practice methodology to help surgeons reach a competency threshold or achieve surgical mastery." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 16:23](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=983)
- "The FDA approved Precision OS Envision as a VR preoperative planning tool, available in early 2022." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 16:33](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=993)
- "Surgeons used VR to separate twins with conjoined heads in a 27-hour surgery, spending hours training using VR projection with Precision OS Vision and planning the operation while wearing an Oculus VR headset." — Rami Shaban (clinical) [Ep 4 · 16:55](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1015)
- "The surgery's direction came from Great Ormond Street Hospital in London while the actual surgery was happening in Rio de Janeiro." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 17:17](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1037)
- "Proximy allows multiple people in remote locations to virtually interact in a way that mimics collaborating in the same operating room, using AI, machine learning, and augmented reality." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 17:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1050)
- "Wristbands are difficult to fasten, may irritate, must be rotated to be scanned, can be too tight and hurt the patient, or too loose and get lost." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 18:42](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1122)
- "The wristband loss rate is 12% in the NICU, newborn, and pediatric population." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 21:08](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1268)
- "Northwell Health System used RFID-enabled patient ID stickers on over 30,000 patients between October 2019 and November 2020, mostly at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City during the pandemic." — Rami Shaban (clinical) [Ep 4 · 21:12](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1272)
- "In the pilot study, 80% of clinicians preferred the ID shield over traditional wristbands." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 21:34](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1294)
- "NFC (near field communication) interaction is limited to an extremely short range—a distance of 4 centimeters or 1.5 inches or less." — Rami Shaban (clinical) [Ep 4 · 21:55](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1315)
- "The first Android device included NFC in 2010 and Apple followed in 2014, meaning NFC has been present since iPhone 6." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 22:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1335)
- "Children's Health in Dallas, Texas is now using identity shields after Northwell Health." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 22:29](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1349)
- "Dr. Bramlet at University of Illinois creates digital twins for regular pediatric cardiology cases in a couple of hours for emergencies, and surgical oncology cases take a couple of days but not more than that." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 23:17](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1397)
- "Dr. Bramlet's lab offers a free submission form where they will create a digital twin for your patient to use for the case and email it for free if you have a VR headset." — Em Tombash (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 23:43](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1423)
- "Nebraska's center was making digital twins with everything and said creating digital twins for inguinal hernia models, colorectal models, or malrotation models should take no time at all." — Todd Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 4 · 24:09](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1449)
- "Fifteen years ago Rick Satava predicted at SAGES that patients would get a CT scan on check-in, surgeons would practice the operation on a robot the day before, hit save when they got it right, then the next day dock the robot and hit go to watch the operation." (host_summary) [Ep 4 · 24:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1490)
- "Fifteen years ago it would take 15 years to go from science fiction idea to reality; now we're seeing it in months due to exponential progression." — Todd Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 25:26](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1526)
- "In probably 2 years, most hospitals will have some version of digital twin technology at their fingertips." — Todd Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 4 · 25:43](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/2022-pediatric-surgery-update-course-top-disruptive-technologies-in-medicine-13590?t=1543)

## Changelog
- Sep 25: 4 items added automatically

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Educational content from recorded physician discussions — not medical advice. Cite the canonical URL or the ?t= deep link. Policy: https://library.globalcastmd.com/ai