# Ovarian Teratoma — GCMD Library living collection

Everything in the library about ovarian teratoma — built automatically from dossiers that name it.

Updated: n/a · 3 episodes · 76 cited statements

## Episodes
### Surgical Management
- [Ovarian Teratoma - Ovarian Torsion - Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Update Course 2015](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672) — video · 34:37 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672.md)
- [Compiled Hayes Jordan Rapid Fire Sessions: Update Course 2015](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995) — video · 33:36 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995.md)

### Evidence & Research
- [What's New in Pediatric Surgery 2020 - FULL SHOW](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217) — video · 57:41 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217.md)

## Chapters
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=0) Ovarian Teratomas and Germ Cell Tumors: Staging and Treatment Updates (Ep 1)
- [5:58](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=358) Surgical Technique Discussion for Ovarian Masses (Ep 1)
- [12:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=760) Ovarian Torsion: Preservation Strategies and Timing (Ep 1)
- [18:16](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1096) Ovarian Torsion: Ultrasound Reliability and Surgical Decision-Making (Ep 1)
- [25:26](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1526) Rhabdomyosarcoma: Staging, Grouping, and Sentinel Node Requirements (Ep 1)
- [31:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1860) Non-Rhabdo Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Grade-Based Treatment (Ep 1)
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=0) Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors: Case Presentation and Staging Updates (Ep 2)
- [5:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=314) Ovarian Teratoma Management: Surgical Approach and Technique (Ep 2)
- [11:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=712) Ovarian Torsion: Preservation Strategies and Timing (Ep 2)
- [17:28](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1048) Ovarian Torsion: Operative Timing and Oophoropexy Debate (Ep 2)
- [25:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1507) Rhabdomyosarcoma: Staging, Grouping, and Sentinel Node Requirements (Ep 2)
- [29:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1780) Non-Rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Grade-Based Treatment (Ep 2)
- [0:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=3) Introduction and Spontaneous Pneumothorax Management (Ep 3)
- [9:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=555) Ovarian Teratoma Surveillance and Post-Appendectomy Opioids (Ep 3)
- [16:32](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=992) Pyloric Stenosis Feeding Protocols (Ep 3)
- [19:54](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1194) Stoma Takedown Infection Prevention and Umbilical Hernia Timing (Ep 3)
- [25:53](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1553) Appendectomy for Ulcerative Colitis and Circumcision Complications (Ep 3)
- [33:11](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1991) Pilonidal Disease Management (Ep 3)
- [38:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=2315) Chest CT for Airway Foreign Body (Ep 3)
- [44:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=2675) Intussusception Re-reduction and Pediatric Trauma Resuscitation (Ep 3)
- [52:31](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=3151) Central Line Imaging, TEF Leak Management, and OR Headgear (Ep 3)

## Statements
Every statement is attributed, typed, and timestamped; the link is the citation.
- "80% of ovarian masses are teratomas" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 1:25](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=85)
- "In the year 2000, girls with ovarian germ cell tumors have almost 100% survival" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 1:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=110)
- "Stage one ovarian tumors limited to the ovary now receive only oophorectomy without chemotherapy" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 2:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=134)
- "Microscopic residual and lymph node involvement in ovarian tumors require chemotherapy" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 2:26](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=146)
- "25% of girls with ovarian germ cell tumors will be missed if peritoneal cytology and washings are not performed" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 3:16](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=196)
- "If staging procedures are omitted from the operative report, oncologists will treat ovarian tumors as stage 2" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 3:54](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=234)
- "Gliomatosis peritonei is a benign disease appearance associated with ovarian teratomas with nearly 100% survival" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 4:41](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=281)
- "In bilateral ovarian disease, tumors larger than 10 cm should definitely be biopsied" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 5:37](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=337)
- "If an ovarian tumor is ruptured during laparoscopic removal, the patient is committed to chemotherapy including platinum" — Dan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 7:11](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=431)
- "15% of ovarian tumors in adolescents are epithelial tumors with different staging criteria than germ cell tumors" — Dan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 7:19](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=439)
- "If alpha-fetoprotein and beta-HCG levels are normal preoperatively, there is some comfort about draining a cyst without contamination" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 8:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=487)
- "The salvage rate for recurrent ovarian germ cell tumors is almost 100% because chemotherapy is very effective" — Dan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 12:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=735)
- "Ovarian torsion is an urgent but not emergent situation if the goal is to preserve the ovary" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 13:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=820)
- "Many black-colored ovaries from torsion have viable follicles and ovarian preservation should be the goal" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 13:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=820)
- "76% of ovaries removed for torsion had normal ovarian tissue, only 13% had no ovarian tissue, and only 11% were completely necrotic" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 15:44](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=944)
- "Pain after oophoropexy is usually short-lived and resolves in about a week" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 16:34](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=994)
- "The ability to preserve ovarian function after torsion is related to age, with pediatric patients having more active follicles than older adults" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 16:58](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1018)
- "Ultrasound Doppler for ovarian torsion has sensitivity and specificity in the 50-60% range" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 21:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1263)
- "Blood flow on ultrasound does not exclude torsion because the ovary may be twisted but not completely occluded at that moment in time" — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 1 · 22:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1355)
- "Half of soft tissue sarcomas are rhabdomyosarcomas and half are non-rhabdo sarcomas" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 25:58](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1558)
- "Abdominal, pelvic, and retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcomas have the worst survival while orbital rhabdomyosarcomas have the best survival" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 26:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1582)
- "Even small tumors in the extremity or abdomen can only achieve stage 2 at best (not stage 1) in rhabdomyosarcoma staging" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 27:04](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1624)
- "Surgical extent determines clinical group in rhabdomyosarcoma: group 1 is complete resection, group 2 is microscopic residual, group 3 is biopsy only" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 27:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1635)
- "Group 1 and 2 rhabdomyosarcoma patients have excellent prognosis while group 3 patients do more poorly" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 27:27](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1647)
- "Inability to resect a large rhabdomyosarcoma is a biologic determination, not a reflection of surgical skill, and aggressive resection with high morbidity will not improve outcome" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (opinion) [Ep 1 · 27:44](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1664)
- "Sentinel lymph node biopsy is now required for all trunk and extremity rhabdomyosarcomas" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 29:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1755)
- "For rhabdomyosarcoma, completion node dissection is not performed for positive sentinel nodes; radiation therapy is given instead" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 29:31](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1771)
- "Sentinel lymph node mapping for rhabdomyosarcoma should be performed at the time of re-excision if initial excisional biopsy had positive margins" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 30:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1810)
- "40-50% of biopsied lymph nodes are positive in rhabdomyosarcoma, and clinically negative nodes may also be positive" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 1 · 30:36](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1836)
- "Histologic grade is now critical in non-rhabdo soft tissue sarcomas, not just the diagnosis" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 31:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1860)
- "Low-grade soft tissue sarcomas require only resection with observation, no chemotherapy or radiation" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 31:27](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1887)
- "Low-grade soft tissue sarcomas with positive margins receive adjuvant radiation therapy" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 31:34](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1894)
- "Unresectable soft tissue sarcomas should receive both preoperative radiation and chemotherapy (previously only chemotherapy was recommended)" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 31:49](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1909)
- "Chemotherapy-sensitive soft tissue sarcomas include synovial sarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 32:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1927)
- "Chemotherapy-insensitive soft tissue sarcomas include alveolar soft part sarcoma, malignant epithelioid sarcoma, and clear cell sarcoma, which are primarily treated with surgery and radiation" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 32:25](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1945)
- "A 5 cm tumor in a child less than 3 years old is equivalent to a 3 cm tumor in a larger patient, so 3 cm should be the cutoff for excision versus biopsy in toddlers" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 32:51](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=1971)
- "Low-grade non-rhabdo sarcomas with negative margins can be cured with surgery alone without chemotherapy" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 33:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=2002)
- "Core needle biopsies are acceptable for soft tissue sarcomas if 3-4 good non-necrotic cores are obtained" — Andrea Hayes Jordan (guideline) [Ep 1 · 34:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ovarian-teratoma-ovarian-torsion-soft-tissue-sarcoma-update-course-2015-672?t=2047)
- "80% of ovarian masses in children are teratomas" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 0:37](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=37)
- "By the year 2000, girls with ovarian germ cell tumors have almost 100% survival" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 1:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=63)
- "Stage 1 ovarian germ cell tumors (limited to ovary) now receive only oophorectomy without chemotherapy" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (guideline) [Ep 2 · 1:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=82)
- "Peritoneal cytology/washings will miss approximately 25% of girls with disease if not performed" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 2:28](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=148)
- "If staging procedures are omitted from the operative report, oncologists will treat the patient as stage 2" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 3:06](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=186)
- "Gliomatosis peritonei is a benign disease with 100% survival, typically associated with ovarian teratomas" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 3:53](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=233)
- "For bilateral ovarian disease, tumors larger than 10 centimeters should be biopsied, with lower threshold for bilateral oophorectomy on first operation" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 4:38](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=278)
- "15% of ovarian tumors in the teenage age range are actually epithelial tumors with different staging criteria than germ cell tumors" — Dan (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 6:31](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=391)
- "If a presumed teratoma is ruptured during laparoscopic removal, the patient is committed to chemotherapy including platinum" — Dan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 6:12](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=372)
- "If preoperative AFP and beta-HCG levels are normal, there is increased comfort (though not 100%) about draining a cystic ovarian mass" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 7:18](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=438)
- "The salvage rate for patients with recurrent ovarian germ cell tumors is almost 100% because chemotherapy is very effective" — Dan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 11:28](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=688)
- "Ovarian torsion should be considered an urgent rather than emergent situation if the goal is ovarian preservation" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 12:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=772)
- "Many black-colored ovaries from torsion actually contain viable follicles and ovarian preservation should be the goal" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 13:25](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=805)
- "76% of ovaries removed for torsion (that surgeons judged to be dead) contained normal ovarian tissue on pathology; only 11% were completely necrotic" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 14:56](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=896)
- "The ability to preserve ovarian function after torsion is related to patient age, with pediatric patients having more active follicles than older adults" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 16:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=970)
- "The current recommendation is detorsion without complete oophorectomy for ovarian torsion" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (guideline) [Ep 2 · 17:17](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1037)
- "Ultrasound Doppler has only 50-60% sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing ovarian torsion" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 20:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1210)
- "Good blood flow on ultrasound does not rule out torsion because the ovary may be intermittently twisted" — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 2 · 21:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1310)
- "Half of soft tissue sarcomas are rhabdomyosarcomas and half are non-rhabdomyosarcomas" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 25:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1510)
- "In rhabdomyosarcoma, prognosis varies by site, with abdominal/pelvic/retroperitoneal tumors having the worst survival and orbital tumors having the best" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 25:27](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1527)
- "The surgeon determines the clinical group in rhabdomyosarcoma based on surgical extent: group 1 is complete resection, group 2 is microscopic residual, group 3 is biopsy only" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 26:27](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1587)
- "Group 1 and 2 rhabdomyosarcoma patients have excellent prognosis; group 3 patients do more poorly" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 26:39](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1599)
- "Attempting to resect a large unresectable rhabdomyosarcoma with high morbidity will not improve the patient's outcome; this is a biologic determination, not a reflection of surgical skill" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (opinion) [Ep 2 · 27:01](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1621)
- "A 4-centimeter mass in the forearm of a 5-year-old is relatively huge and should probably be biopsied rather than resected initially" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 28:08](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1688)
- "Sentinel lymph node biopsy is now required for all trunk and extremity rhabdomyosarcomas" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (guideline) [Ep 2 · 28:27](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1707)
- "For rhabdomyosarcoma, completion lymph node dissection is not performed for positive sentinel nodes; patients receive radiation therapy instead" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (guideline) [Ep 2 · 28:43](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1723)
- "40-50% of biopsied lymph nodes are positive in rhabdomyosarcoma, and clinically negative nodes may also be positive" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 29:48](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1788)
- "For non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas, histologic grade is now critical and determines treatment" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (guideline) [Ep 2 · 30:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1803)
- "Low-grade soft tissue sarcomas require only resection and observation; no chemotherapy or radiation unless margins are positive" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (guideline) [Ep 2 · 30:39](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1839)
- "For unresectable soft tissue sarcomas, preoperative radiation therapy and chemotherapy are now recommended (previously only chemotherapy)" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (guideline) [Ep 2 · 31:01](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1861)
- "Chemosensitive soft tissue sarcomas include synovial sarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 31:19](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1879)
- "Chemoinsensitive soft tissue sarcomas include alveolar soft part sarcoma, malignant epithelioid, and clear cell sarcoma; surgery and radiation are the primary treatments" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 31:37](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1897)
- "A 5-centimeter tumor in a child less than 3 years old is equivalent to a 3-centimeter tumor in a larger patient, so 3 centimeters should be the cutoff for excision in toddlers" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 32:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1923)
- "Low-grade non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas with negative margins can be cured with surgery alone and do not need chemotherapy" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 32:34](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1954)
- "Core biopsies are acceptable for soft tissue sarcomas if 3-4 good non-necrotic cores are obtained, confirmed by pathologist during the procedure" — Andrea Hayes-Jordan (clinical) [Ep 2 · 33:19](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/compiled-hayes-jordan-rapid-fire-sessions-update-course-2015-995?t=1999)
- "In the Midwest Pediatric Surgery Consortium prospective trial of spontaneous pneumothorax, 83% of patients who failed initial aspiration (pneumothorax recurred within 6 hours) eventually required VATS procedure." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 3:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=232)
- "Patients with spontaneous pneumothorax who were sent home after successful aspiration had a 44% recurrence rate with no episodes of tension pneumothorax." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 4:28](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=268)
- "The Midwest Consortium data suggests chest tubes should not be placed in spontaneous pneumothorax patients because those whose hole is already sealed can go home after aspiration, and those whose hole remains open (83%) will need VATS anyway, making chest tubes an unnecessary source of pain." — Todd Ponsky (opinion) [Ep 3 · 6:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=400)
- "In a 12-center UK retrospective review, the recurrence rate of benign ovarian tumors (mature and immature teratomas and serous cystadenomas) in children was 8%." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 10:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=600)
- "The UK study authors recommend every 6-month ultrasounds for benign ovarian tumor follow-up but do not conclude on duration of surveillance." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 10:25](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=625)
- "After uncomplicated appendectomy, 84% of patients require no opioids on post-operative day 1, 95% by post-op day 2, and 100% by post-op day 3." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 12:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=730)
- "In the Riley Hospital RCT comparing pyloric stenosis feeding strategies, a relaxed ad-lib feeding protocol decreased time to goal feeds and overall length of stay without significant differences in post-operative vomiting or readmissions compared to incremental scheduled feeds." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 17:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1050)
- "Pyloric stenosis patients with serum chloride less than 100 on admission took significantly longer to reach their feeding goal." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 18:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1095)
- "Nationwide Children's Hospital reduced stoma takedown wound infection rate from 21% to 8% by implementing a perioperative bundle, then further reduced it to 2% by changing antibiotics from cefoxitin to Unasyn." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 21:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1280)
- "The reason for switching to Unasyn for stoma takedown was that infections after stoma closure were predominantly enterococcus, and Unasyn provides better enterococcus coverage than cefoxitin." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 24:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1450)
- "Dr. Levitt identified changing gloves and changing instruments when doing fascial and skin closures as the bundle element that probably made the biggest difference in reducing stoma takedown infections." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 22:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1360)
- "In a multi-state retrospective cohort study, umbilical hernia repair before age 4 had double the recurrence rate and double the readmission rate compared to repair at age 4 or later." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 19:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1140)
- "A 1960s study of African-American children in the United States found that very large umbilical hernia defects had a lower chance of spontaneous closure." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 23:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1430)
- "In a prospective multicenter study published in Journal of Crohn's and Colitis, appendectomy in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis resulted in sustained symptomatic improvement in 30%, pathologic improvement in 50%, and complete endoscopic remission in 17%." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 22:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1330)
- "In a retrospective study of 24 patients with penile necrosis after circumcision, five predictive factors were identified: monopolar cautery use, post-circumcision infection, compartment syndrome, local anesthetic agent use, and methemoglobinemia." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 29:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1740)
- "The Gips procedure for pilonidal disease involves coring out pits with a trephine or punch biopsy, extracting granulation tissue and hair with a mosquito, curettage with a smaller trephine, flushing with saline then hydrogen peroxide, leaving punch openings unpacked and unsutured with no drains, and takes 3-5 minutes." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 35:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=2100)
- "In a 133-patient series using chest CT for suspected airway foreign body, CT excluded foreign body in 30% of patients who would have otherwise undergone bronchoscopy." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 43:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=2600)
- "When chest CT showed findings of airway foreign body, bronchoscopy confirmed the findings 94% of the time, compared to only 61% positive yield when bronchoscopy was performed based on clinical suspicion alone." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 43:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=2625)
- "Modern pediatric chest CT delivers 1 to 10 millisieverts of radiation, equivalent to living on Earth for 1 year, with chest CTs often in the 1-3 millisievert range." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 46:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=2800)
- "For intussusception that reaches the cecum on contrast enema but cannot be fully reduced, a second enema attempt has a 50-64% success rate in stable patients without peritoneal signs." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 48:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=2880)
- "The ATOMAC multi-center prospective data showed that pediatric trauma patients do better with earlier blood administration: only one 20 cc/kg bolus of saline should be given, and if the patient does not respond, blood should be given rather than a second crystalloid bolus." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 49:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=2950)
- "In pediatric trauma, the magic number for operative intervention is 40 cc/kg of blood or 4 units: patients transfused with this amount probably cannot be managed non-operatively and should go to the operating room." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 50:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=3020)
- "For stable pediatric solid organ injury patients who never required blood transfusion, they can be discharged home the next day if hemoglobin remains stable." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 51:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=3080)
- "Kansas City data on 622 central line placements showed that obtaining chest X-rays only for symptomatic patients (rather than routine post-procedure imaging) resulted in no critically ill patients, with only one patient requiring intervention." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 52:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=3160)
- "In an RCT of glycopyrrolate for anastomotic leak after esophageal atresia repair, the treatment group had chest tube output of 124 mL versus 370 mL in placebo, leak resolution in 76% versus 29%, and oral feeding achieved in 71% versus 14%." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 53:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=3230)
- "In the Riley Hospital study of operating room headgear, cloth skull caps had the lowest permeability and lowest particle/microbial shedding on the surgical field, while disposable bouffant caps had the highest shedding." — Todd Ponsky (host_summary) [Ep 3 · 56:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=3380)
- "At Cincinnati Children's, the current practice for spontaneous pneumothorax is to aspirate, wait 6 hours, check X-ray, and if no recurrence send home; if recurrence, go straight to VATS without placing a chest tube." — Todd Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 3 · 8:05](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=485)
- "The speaker stopped sending home narcotics after uncomplicated appendectomy based on the data showing 85% of patients do not need opioids on post-op day 1." — Todd Ponsky (clinical) [Ep 3 · 14:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=850)
- "One participant uses monopolar cautery for circumcision but wraps the base of the penis with saline-soaked gauze and keeps the penis attached to the body to prevent electrical injury, and has never seen penile necrosis." (clinical) [Ep 3 · 29:44](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1784)
- "One participant always uses a knife for circumcision incision and cautery only for hemostasis, never for cutting." (clinical) [Ep 3 · 31:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/what-s-new-in-pediatric-surgery-2020-full-show-3217?t=1874)

## Changelog
- Sep 17: 3 items added automatically

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