# Bronchiolitis — GCMD Library living collection

Everything in the library about bronchiolitis — built automatically from dossiers that name it.

Updated: n/a · 3 episodes · 64 cited statements

## Episodes
### Diagnosis & Workup
- [New Concepts in Radiology: Update Course 2017](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408) — video · 40:58 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408.md)
- [Rapid Microbiological Testing Impact on Infectious Disease Management in Emergency Medicine](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160) — video · 46:06 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160.md)

### Patient & Family Education
- [Reunión de la Medicina de Emergencia - Impacto de las redes sociales (RRSS) en la práctica clínica en urgencias](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639) — video · 48:08 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639.md)

## Chapters
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=0) Radiation exposure from CT scans and airport scanners (Ep 1)
- [6:58](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=418) Airway foreign body workup: chest CT versus bronchoscopy (Ep 1)
- [15:18](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=918) CT protocol details and clinical decision-making for foreign bodies (Ep 1)
- [22:55](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1375) Delayed repeat attempts for failed intussusception reduction (Ep 1)
- [28:32](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1712) Oral contrast for abdominal CT: indications and alternatives (Ep 1)
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=0) Introduction and Context Setting for Rapid Diagnostic Testing (Ep 2)
- [4:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=290) Current Testing Practices and Limitations (Ep 2)
- [11:24](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=684) Clinical Scenarios Where Testing May Benefit Patients (Ep 2)
- [19:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=1170) Clinical Assessment Over Laboratory Results (Ep 2)
- [26:55](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=1615) Bacterial Testing and Antibiotic Stewardship (Ep 2)
- [34:54](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=2094) Family Education and Communication Challenges (Ep 2)
- [41:25](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=2485) Protocol Development and Appropriate Test Utilization (Ep 2)
- [0:01](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=1) Introduction and technical difficulties (Ep 3)
- [5:26](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=326) Social media as threat or ally in clinical practice (Ep 3)
- [11:34](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=694) Panelists' use of social media for education and patient communication (Ep 3)
- [19:39](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=1179) AI tools in clinical workflows: ChatGPT, UpToDate, and pharmacology apps (Ep 3)
- [25:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=1515) Video-based patient education: Cincinnati's discharge instruction videos (Ep 3)
- [34:41](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2081) Misinformation risks: anti-vaccine content, unvalidated therapies, and "sobadores" (Ep 3)
- [40:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2430) Future vision: AI-assisted documentation and global clinical networks (Ep 3)
- [44:57](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2697) Closing remarks (Ep 3)

## Statements
Every statement is attributed, typed, and timestamped; the link is the citation.
- Airport X-ray scanners deliver 11 nanosieverts of radiation, which is 11 billionths of a sievert. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=0)
- Background radiation from radon and cosmic sources is approximately 3 millisieverts per year. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=0)
- A typical pediatric chest CT delivers 1 to 10 millisieverts, often 1-3 mSv, comparable to one year of background radiation. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=0)
- CT radiation exposure in pediatric institutions has decreased dramatically with new image-gently criteria and technology improvements. — Dan (clinical) [Ep 1 · 2:04](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=124)
- Data on childhood malignancy risk from childhood CT scans (not atomic bomb data) increased one speaker's concern about CT radiation. — David (opinion) [Ep 1 · 2:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=160)
- Some pediatric institutions now perform sinus CT at doses lower than conventional sinus radiographs. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 4:51](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=291)
- Sensitivity and specificity of inspiration-expiration films for airway foreign bodies are imperfect. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 7:36](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=456)
- Physical examination does not reliably exclude airway foreign body; even normal exam does not rule it out. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 8:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=490)
- A foreign body of any significance would be very unusual to have absolutely no findings on physical exam. — Steven Rothenberg (opinion) [Ep 1 · 9:51](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=591)
- Volumetric chest CT for foreign body can be performed without sedation or IV contrast, and motion artifact does not prevent foreign body visualization. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 10:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=622)
- At Mike's institution, 12-15 patients have undergone volumetric CT for suspected foreign body with 100% concordance between CT and bronchoscopy when bronchoscopy was performed. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 10:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=622)
- CT can show air trapping distal to a foreign body and pinpoint the exact bronchial location, aiding bronchoscopic planning. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 15:18](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=918)
- A chest radiograph delivers approximately 0.02 millisieverts; 50 chest X-rays equal one millisievert. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 16:44](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1004)
- CT can visualize vegetable matter, peanuts, and most radiolucent foreign bodies because they opacify the air column; only objects with the same density as air throughout would be invisible. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 19:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1192)
- Families and consultants frequently express concern about CT radiation and anesthesia risk, requiring repeated explanations even when physicians believe risks are low. — Dan (opinion) [Ep 1 · 21:26](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1286)
- Performing bronchoscopy in a child with respiratory symptoms (who may have bronchiolitis or asthma rather than foreign body) carries higher anesthetic risk. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 18:02](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1082)
- If an intussusceptum shows no movement during the first reduction attempt (especially if located in sigmoid colon or splenic flexure), second attempts are usually unsuccessful. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 23:53](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1433)
- If the intussusceptum moves to the ileocecal valve on first attempt, second attempts are usually successful. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 23:53](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1433)
- Delay between first and second reduction attempts ranges from 15 minutes to overnight across institutions, with most around 1-3 hours; success rates are approximately 50% regardless of delay duration. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 25:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1540)
- Filling the abdomen of a trauma patient with oral contrast before potential surgery is undesirable. (opinion) [Ep 1 · 28:32](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1712)
- Fluid-filled bowel loops serve as a natural contrast agent on CT, making oral contrast unnecessary in most cases. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 29:18](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1758)
- Oral contrast administration delays CT scanning: contrast must be ordered from pharmacy, patients may refuse or vomit it, and NG tube placement may be required, turning a 30-minute scan into a 6-hour process. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 32:29](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1949)
- In partial small bowel obstruction, proximal loops are slightly more dilated than distal loops and contain fluid, allowing identification of transition zones without oral contrast. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 32:29](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1949)
- Oral contrast may be helpful in children under age one due to minimal mesenteric fat, and for MR enterography in Crohn disease. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 34:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=2047)
- MRI costs approximately double to triple the cost of CT. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 34:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=2090)
- Children age 6 and under typically require sedation for MRI; age 7 and over typically do not. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 34:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=2090)
- Ultrafast MRI sequences for appendicitis can be completed in 6 minutes, but table preparation time adds significantly to total scan time. (clinical) [Ep 1 · 34:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=2090)
- CT can identify closed-loop obstruction, mesenteric vessel swirling (suggesting volvulus), and bowel wall enhancement abnormalities that change acute management from observation to immediate surgery. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 36:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=2163)
- In one case, CT identified a closed loop with dead bowel in a patient initially scheduled for upper GI/small bowel follow-through, leading to OR within 30 minutes. — Mike (clinical) [Ep 1 · 36:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=2163)
- Half of families discharged from the pediatric emergency department leave without knowing what to do at home (e.g., how to perform nasal lavage, check temperature, manage fever). — Javier González del Rey (clinical) [Ep 3 · 29:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=1754)
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital created YouTube videos with step-by-step instructions (nasal lavage, fever management, cough/congestion care) that nurses share via QR codes at discharge, available in Spanish and English. — Javier González del Rey (clinical) [Ep 3 · 29:14](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=1754)
- Visual content (images, videos) is processed by the human brain much faster than written text, making it more effective for patient education. — Javier González del Rey (opinion) [Ep 3 · 33:21](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2001)
- ChatGPT can fabricate datasets and research results; an example cited involved an article titled "ChatGPT created a fake dataset with screwed results" where the AI invented data to complete a research project. — Javier González del Rey (clinical) [Ep 3 · 23:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=1410)
- UpToDate is the primary rapid-reference tool used by the panelists for clinical questions. — Gisela Valderrama (clinical) [Ep 3 · 23:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=1410)
- Cincinnati's emergency department runs social media campaigns on respiratory illnesses (e.g., RSV, croup, fever) in Spanish, providing families with validated information via videos and infographics. — Gisela Valderrama (clinical) [Ep 3 · 13:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=832)
- Twitter is used to share validated pediatric content, including news, evidence summaries, and podcasts that provide rapid 2-3 minute overviews of recent studies on specific conditions. — María Serrano (clinical) [Ep 3 · 11:34](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=694)
- Anti-vaccine movements are strong on social media and can cause harm by spreading misinformation. — Javier González del Rey (opinion) [Ep 3 · 13:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=832)
- In Peru and Latin America, "sobadores" (folk bone-setters) are promoted on social media for fracture and dislocation treatment, which can worsen injuries rather than help. — Javier González del Rey (clinical) [Ep 3 · 41:04](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2464)
- Parents often arrive at the emergency department with extensive differential diagnoses and treatment expectations based on Google searches, creating anxiety and demanding unnecessary tests. — María Serrano (clinical) [Ep 3 · 34:41](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2081)
- Clinicians must know how to calm anxious parents with evidence-based information when they arrive with misinformation from social media. — María Serrano (opinion) [Ep 3 · 36:01](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2161)
- A case example: a parent from the Dominican Republic insisted on a chest X-ray for their child with mild head trauma because "everyone gets X-rays" in their home country, despite the X-ray having no clinical value for the presentation. — Javier González del Rey (clinical) [Ep 3 · 36:01](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2161)
- Hospitals are not proactive enough in using local media and social networks to educate the public about common conditions like bronchiolitis during epidemic seasons. — Javier González del Rey (opinion) [Ep 3 · 37:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2240)
- Filtering misinformation and educating families takes significant clinician time, contributing to emergency department overcrowding with patients who do not meet admission criteria. — María Serrano (opinion) [Ep 3 · 40:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2430)
- A future goal is for AI to fully automate medical note-writing, allowing clinicians to focus entirely on patient care. — Florencia Pina (opinion) [Ep 3 · 43:37](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2617)
- Search algorithms (Google, social media) should prioritize validated, evidence-based sources over sources ranked by popularity or payment. — Javier González del Rey (opinion) [Ep 3 · 44:19](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2659)
- A global network where institutions share evidence-based clinical protocols (e.g., for bronchiolitis, asthma, dengue) and compare outcomes in real time could reduce reliance on single-society guidelines and improve care. — María Serrano (opinion) [Ep 3 · 44:57](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=2697)
- Validated pediatric societies and professionals use social media to transmit evidence-based information, but many families also encounter unvalidated sources. — Javier González del Rey (opinion) [Ep 3 · 6:42](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=402)
- Younger clinicians increasingly use social media (Twitter, podcasts, YouTube) as alternative sources for continuing medical education. — Javier González del Rey (opinion) [Ep 3 · 8:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=500)
- Andrea Cruz's institution stopped using antigen tests for RSV and streptococcus due to very low sensitivity — Andrea Cruz (clinical) [Ep 2 · 5:47](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=347)
- Rapid diagnostic testing may benefit immunocompromised children and hospitalized patients where results could change isolation protocols or antibiotic management — Andrea Cruz (clinical) [Ep 2 · 16:09](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=969)
- For children presenting to emergency with fever and neutropenia, rapid viral testing does not change the management - these children will receive antibiotics regardless of viral test results — Andrea Cruz (clinical) [Ep 2 · 17:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=1070)
- Many community hospitals do not have access to RSV-specific treatments (presumably palivizumab or nirsevimab), making RSV testing less clinically useful — Andrea Cruz (clinical) [Ep 2 · 18:31](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=1111)
- Positive viral test results in children under 4 years old may reflect viral shedding from an infection acquired 2 weeks prior rather than acute illness — Andrea Cruz (clinical) [Ep 2 · 19:05](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=1145)
- Clinical evaluation including patient history, vaccination status, and physical examination should be the primary basis for decision-making, not laboratory test results — Javier Gonzalez del Rey (opinion) [Ep 2 · 21:13](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=1273)
- Rapid diagnostic tests can play a role in initial stabilization and antibiotic decision-making for children with suspected bacterial infection who are not severely ill — Javier (clinical) [Ep 2 · 23:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=1383)
- If a child is in good general condition and bacterial cultures are negative at 4 hours, the patient can potentially be managed as an outpatient with more conservative approach — Javier (clinical) [Ep 2 · 23:59](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=1439)
- In children under 3 years with fever, bacterial testing yields positive results in only about 2% of cases maximum (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 26:55](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=1615)
- From a clinical perspective, rapid viral respiratory testing has no relevant role in general emergency department management, including bronchiolitis management and decisions about hospitalized patients — Javier (opinion) [Ep 2 · 33:44](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=2024)
- Evidence shows that multiplex respiratory viral panels do not reduce antibiotic use, do not shorten hospital stays, and do not reduce hospitalizations in general emergency populations — Javier (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 34:54](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=2094)
- Rapid testing may show benefit in specific patient populations during influenza epidemics when a positive influenza test could impact management — Javier (clinical) [Ep 2 · 35:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=2115)
- Informing families about multiple respiratory viruses detected can cause more anxiety than it helps, as families may become frightened when told their child has adenovirus or other viruses — Andrea Cruz (opinion) [Ep 2 · 36:04](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=2164)
- An 8-year-old child with rhinovirus is clinically very different from an infant with rhinovirus, making the same positive test result have different clinical implications — Andrea Cruz (clinical) [Ep 2 · 37:24](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=2244)
- Families waiting 14 hours in emergency departments for children with simple flu symptoms, expecting test results, represents inappropriate resource utilization — Andrea Cruz (opinion) [Ep 2 · 37:51](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=2271)
- Rapid diagnostics should be available in emergency departments but must be applied judiciously according to protocols that specify appropriate clinical scenarios — Javier (guideline) [Ep 2 · 43:13](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/rapid-microbiological-testing-impact-on-infectious-disease-management-in-emergen-6160?t=2593)

## Host summaries
Recaps by a host of what the experts said — not the host's own clinical position.
- The 2011 American Association of Physicists in Medicine position statement concluded that risks of medical imaging at 50-100 millisieverts are low and may be non-existent. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 4:51](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=291)
- AAPM stated that predictions of cancer risk from low-dose imaging in the media are not scientifically supported and may cause patients to forgo beneficial CT scans. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 4:51](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=291)
- In one study, 30-50% of patients with confirmed airway foreign bodies had normal chest radiographs. — Mike summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 10:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=622)
- Decubitus views for foreign body detection did not improve sensitivity and decreased specificity compared to standard radiographs. — Mike summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 10:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=622)
- Expiration views improved sensitivity for foreign body detection but did not improve specificity. — Mike summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 10:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=622)
- In a 2004 study of 23 patients, low-dose CT detected all 15 foreign bodies confirmed at bronchoscopy with no discordance. — Mike summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 10:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=622)
- Most institutions perform delayed second attempts at intussusception reduction after initial failure, unless peritoneal signs or perforation are suspected. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 22:55](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1375)
- Good trauma studies show oral contrast is not needed for abdominal CT in trauma. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 28:32](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1712)
- Oral contrast is not used for trauma or appendicitis at most institutions; selective use includes partial small bowel obstruction. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 28:51](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1731)
- Two papers and a Cochrane review suggested oral contrast may be therapeutic for adhesive small bowel obstruction, but this was based on small bowel follow-through studies, not CT, and is not established in pediatric literature. — The host summarizing the discussion [Ep 1 · 32:29](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/new-concepts-in-radiology-update-course-2017-408?t=1949)
- Pharmacology apps and dose calculators are commonly used by clinicians for medication dosing and toxicology questions. — Javier González del Rey summarizing the discussion [Ep 3 · 24:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/reuni-n-de-la-medicina-de-emergencia-impacto-de-las-redes-sociales-en-la-pr-ctic-7639?t=1443)

## Changelog
- Nov 7: 3 items added automatically

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