# Academic Leadership and Health Equity in Otolaryngology — GCMD Library living collection

Updated: n/a · 8 episodes · 90 cited statements

## Episodes
### Diversity and Inclusion
- [Diversity in Academic Otolaryngology: An Update and Recommendations for Moving From Words to Action](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/diversity-in-academic-otolaryngology-an-update-and-recommendations-for-moving-from-words-to-action-13209) — article · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/diversity-in-academic-otolaryngology-an-update-and-recommendations-for-moving-from-words-to-action-13209.md)

### Health Equity Research and Practice
- [Health Equity Collaborative in ENT w/ Dr. Alexander Chiu & Dr. Romaine Johnson | ENT Podcast Ep. 98](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230) — video · 41:23 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230.md)
- [Understanding Health Equity Research w/ Kevin Sykes, PhD, MPH | BackTable ENT Podcast Ep. 152](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232) — video · 1:01:22 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232.md)
- [Ep. 98 Health Equity Collaborative in ENT with Dr. Alexander Chiu and Dr. Romaine Johnson](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236) — podcast · 41:15 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236.md)

### Academic Leadership
- [Dr. Alexander Chiu, an Elsevier author](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231) — video · 5:21 · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231.md)
- [Dr Alexander Chiu Welcome-Chair](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-welcome-chair-13233) — video · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-welcome-chair-13233.md)
- [Dr Alexander Chiu Welcome-Chief](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-welcome-chief-13234) — video · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-welcome-chief-13234.md)
- [Alexander G. Chiu, MD](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/alexander-g-chiu-md-13235) — video · [machine version](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/alexander-g-chiu-md-13235.md)

## Chapters
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=0) Introduction and defining health equity (Ep 2)
- [4:13](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=253) Current state of health equity research in otolaryngology (Ep 2)
- [10:39](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=639) Origins and structure of the Health Equity Collaborative (Ep 2)
- [18:21](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1101) Qualitative research methodology and challenges (Ep 2)
- [25:02](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1502) Building and sustaining the collaborative (Ep 2)
- [30:34](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1834) Future directions and practical applications (Ep 2)
- [37:04](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=2224) Closing remarks and contact information (Ep 2)
- [0:11](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=11) Chronic sinusitis epidemiology, quality-of-life impact, and treatment overview (Ep 5)
- [1:37](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=97) Atlas of Endoscopic Sinus and Skull Based Surgery: genesis, structure, and pedagogical approach (Ep 5)
- [3:42](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=222) Publishing experience with Elsevier and intended global audience (Ep 5)
- [0:56](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=56) Introduction and Dr. Sykes' Background in Health Equity Research (Ep 3)
- [6:12](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=372) Defining Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health (Ep 3)
- [12:08](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=728) Designing Health Equity Research: Avoiding Data Aggregation Pitfalls (Ep 3)
- [17:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1060) Community Health Workers as Full Research Team Members (Ep 3)
- [21:51](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1311) Terminology and Variable Selection in Health Equity Research (Ep 3)
- [26:08](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1568) Qualitative Methods: Semi-Structured Interviews and Thematic Analysis (Ep 3)
- [35:16](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=2116) Analyzing Qualitative Data: Transcription, Coding, and Member Checking (Ep 3)
- [40:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=2450) Using Health Equity Data for Policy Advocacy (Ep 3)
- [46:48](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=2808) Integrating Health Equity into Medical Education (Ep 3)
- [51:47](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=3107) The GSK Health Equity Grant: Establishing a Uniform Data Set for Head and Neck Cancer Disparities (Ep 3)
- [56:41](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=3401) Resources for Learning Health Equity Research (Ep 3)
- [0:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=0) Introduction and defining health equity (Ep 4)
- [3:42](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=222) The state of health equity research in otolaryngology (Ep 4)
- [11:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=700) Formation and structure of the Health Equity Collaborative (Ep 4)
- [18:36](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1116) Qualitative research methods and mixed methodology (Ep 4)
- [25:42](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1542) Long-term goals: education, recruitment, and priority shift (Ep 4)
- [30:26](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1826) Practical changes in clinical practice and local action (Ep 4)
- [36:46](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=2206) Closing remarks and call to action (Ep 4)

## Statements
Every statement is attributed, typed, and timestamped; the link is the citation.
- Chronic sinusitis affects at least 30 million people a year, and the actual numbers are probably much higher than quoted. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 5 · 0:27](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=27)
- Chronic sinusitis has a bigger detriment on quality of life than lower back pain, according to some studies. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 5 · 0:38](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=38)
- Chronic sinusitis symptoms include inability to breathe through the nose, facial pressure, loss of taste, and loss of smell, persisting for 12 weeks or longer—sometimes years or a lifetime. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 5 · 0:55](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=55)
- In most instances chronic sinusitis can be treated with medicines, but some patients who don't respond need a surgical alternative. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 5 · 1:21](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=81)
- Dr. Chiu and Dr. Palmer were former partners at the University of Pennsylvania with adjoining offices. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 5 · 1:43](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=103)
- For beginners to endoscopic sinus surgery, the operative field looks like a big field of red, requiring step-by-step procedures correlating anatomy from CT/MRI scans with endoscopic views. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 5 · 2:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=160)
- The atlas pairs illustrations, CT scans, and MRI scans with endoscopic pictures from cases to guide readers step-by-step from patient preparation to closure and postoperative care. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 5 · 3:09](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=189)
- Dr. Chiu has contributed to over 20 different textbooks and written a separate textbook on his own. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 5 · 4:16](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=256)
- The Elsevier editorial staff and artist illustrator for this atlas are superior to any Dr. Chiu has worked with before. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 5 · 4:01](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=241)
- Endoscopic sinus and skull-based surgery techniques in the U.S. are mirrored worldwide but lag 3 to 5 years behind in some developing countries. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 5 · 4:34](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=274)
- The atlas spans the spectrum from basic procedures in the first 10 chapters to advanced skull-based tumor procedures in later chapters, allowing surgeons to progress as they gain experience. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 5 · 4:56](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/dr-alexander-chiu-an-elsevier-author-13231?t=296)
- Equality means giving everyone the same opportunities and access; equity means providing different supports so everyone can reach optimal health. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 4:36](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=276)
- The apple-in-the-tree analogy: three people of different heights (6'5", 5'8", 5'3") need different-sized boxes to reach the same fruit (optimal health). — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 5:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=307)
- Much equity work focuses on the individual, but not enough on community, interpersonal relationships, society, and caregiver research. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 7:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=460)
- Many current articles describe disparities (e.g., Black children have more severe sleep apnea, higher revision rates) using big data or local data, but fewer address interventions to reduce those disparities. — Romaine Johnson (epidemiological) [Ep 4 · 8:29](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=509)
- At Children's Hospital Dallas, many families were calling or visiting the emergency room post-tonsillectomy due to a language barrier; they did not understand post-op pain medication instructions. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 4 · 9:28](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=568)
- After implementing language-preference tracking and better communication, the Dallas team saw fewer emergency room visits and phone calls for simple post-tonsillectomy questions. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 4 · 9:46](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=586)
- Data from 2012 (decade-old) show that African American Black patients consent less to head and neck cancer surgery and have poorer outcomes even when case-controlled for tumor stage. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 4 · 10:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=640)
- A University of Kansas resident is conducting a qualitative study to understand why patients in Kansas City resist head and neck cancer surgery. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 4 · 10:52](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=652)
- There is a fair amount of literature describing health disparities on an individual basis, but almost no literature on interventions—especially at the community or societal level. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 11:25](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=685)
- The Health Equity Collaborative was started in February 2022 with six institutions: University of Mississippi, Henry Ford, Charles Moore (Atlanta), University of Maryland Baltimore, UT Southwestern, and University of Kansas. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 4 · 12:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=727)
- The collaborative's initial goal was to agree on data metrics, collect local data, and present it to institutional decision-makers to effect policy change. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 4 · 13:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=795)
- The collaborative now includes about 20 academic programs with varying degrees of involvement. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 4 · 20:16](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1216)
- The master plan is for the American Academy of Otolaryngology to eventually adopt and support the collaborative. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 22:21](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1341)
- High-impact journals are reluctant to publish qualitative studies (structured interviews, theme extraction) because they are not observational trials, randomized controlled trials, or systematic reviews. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 4 · 14:32](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=872)
- Qualitative research is rigorous and difficult: it requires discipline to extract themes from structured interviews of 40 people. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 15:06](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=906)
- Mixed methodology (qualitative + quantitative metrics) may have emerged partly to satisfy traditional journal expectations for 'hard data.' — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 16:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=970)
- Community participatory research means doing research that affects the patients you treat, informed by what patients themselves want to see changed. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 18:13](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1093)
- The collaborative initially paid people to attend sessions and provided elaborate meals, but that approach 'fell flat.' — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 4 · 19:01](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1141)
- The American Academy of Otolaryngology (Jim Denaney) has stepped up more than other national societies, recently securing a GSK grant for a 3-year core award to study health disparities. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 4 · 19:27](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1167)
- The collaborative meets via Zoom and plans one large in-person meeting annually at the American Academy of Otolaryngology meeting. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 4 · 22:11](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1331)
- Dr. Johnson has been tasked with working with the Academy's Regent registry (mostly private practitioners, some universities) to extract data and create an 'equity scorecard' to assess whether care is equitable. — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 4 · 23:43](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1423)
- Building good data infrastructure and achieving measurable outcomes takes time; early wins for the collaborative included convening stakeholders and gaining Academy support. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 4 · 24:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1447)
- The collaborative has two main foci: research and professional identity/recruitment of underrepresented minorities into otolaryngology. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 4 · 25:42](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1542)
- Orthopedic surgery's Nth Dimension program has been more successful than otolaryngology efforts at recruiting people of color over the past 5 years. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 4 · 25:54](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1554)
- Financial hurdles remain a barrier to replicating the Nth Dimension model in otolaryngology; larger societies need to fund this work. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 26:16](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1576)
- The collaborative is considering developing anti-racism and equity curricula tailored to otolaryngology for residents and medical students. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 26:31](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1591)
- Otolaryngology has the least representation of underrepresented minorities among surgical specialties. — Alexander Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 4 · 29:10](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1750)
- The ultimate goal is to make health equity a top-three priority (1, 1A, or 1B) for all otolaryngologists, not just those in diverse or high-poverty communities. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 29:39](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1779)
- Dr. Chiu tries to be more patient and understanding when patients appear non-compliant, exploring whether there is distrust, a barrier to obtaining medication, or insufficient explanation. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 4 · 31:33](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1893)
- When a patient gives 'that look' suggesting they may not follow through, Dr. Chiu now explores the underlying reason rather than assuming forgetfulness or lack of motivation. — Alexander Chiu (clinical) [Ep 4 · 32:08](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1928)
- Medical students interviewing for otolaryngology residency often express interest in global health, equity, and justice, but those values can be lost during training. — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 4 · 38:04](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=2284)
- Dr. Chiu tells medical students he wants them to remain 'badass, impassioned people with principles and high ethics' through residency and into attending practice, not just focus on case volume. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 35:54](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=2154)
- Local practitioners can partner with population health departments, schools of medicine, and public health groups at their institutions, which are more developed in equity work than otolaryngology. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 33:09](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=1989)
- Public health networks established for COVID vaccination studies use techniques (participatory research, community engagement) applicable to otolaryngology topics like HPV vaccine uptake. — Alexander Chiu (opinion) [Ep 4 · 33:31](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=2011)
- The Health Equity Collaborative was started in February 2022 with 6 institutions and has grown to approximately 20 academic programs — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 12:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=735)
- African American Black patients consent less to surgery for head and neck cancer and have poorer outcomes when case-controlled for tumor staging, based on data published in 2012 — Alex Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 10:41](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=641)
- Otolaryngology has the least representation for underrepresented minorities among medical specialties — Alex Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 29:18](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1758)
- Many published articles document disparities (e.g., Black children have more severe sleep apnea and higher revision rates) but few address interventions to reduce these disparities — Romaine Johnson (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 9:02](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=542)
- Language barrier intervention at Children's Hospital Dallas reduced post-tonsillectomy emergency room visits and phone calls by improving communication of post-operative instructions to non-English speaking families — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 2 · 9:36](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=576)
- High-impact journals are reluctant to publish qualitative studies despite their scientific rigor and value — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 2 · 14:40](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=880)
- Mixed methodology research (combining qualitative interviews with objective metrics) was developed partly as a response to get qualitative work published in journals that prefer hard data — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 2 · 15:54](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=954)
- The American Academy of Otolaryngology received a grant from GSK to fund a core award for the next 3 years looking at health disparities studies — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 19:35](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1175)
- Orthopedic surgery's Nth Dimension program has been more successful than otolaryngology in recruiting people of color over the past 5 years — Alex Chiu (epidemiological) [Ep 2 · 26:03](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1563)
- Community-participatory research requires talking to patients to understand what they want from research and how it will impact them locally, rather than conducting research that may not be applicable to the population being studied — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 2 · 18:21](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1101)
- Initial attempts to build the collaborative by paying people for their time and providing elaborate meals fell flat; finding intrinsically motivated people proved more effective — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 19:05](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1145)
- Patient non-compliance with medications or treatment recommendations may stem from distrust, barriers to obtaining medication, or inadequate explanation rather than forgetfulness or unwillingness — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 31:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1905)
- Public health departments, family practice, and population health departments at academic institutions are more developed in equity work than otolaryngology and can serve as local resources — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 2 · 33:18](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1998)
- The collaborative aims to have every subspecialty use it to gather data and impact their local subspecialty areas — Alex Chiu (opinion) [Ep 2 · 20:43](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1243)
- Romaine Johnson is working with the REET registry (American Academy registry for mostly private practitioners) to extract data and create an equity scorecard to measure equitable care delivery — Romaine Johnson (clinical) [Ep 2 · 23:41](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1421)
- The collaborative has two main initial focuses: research and professional identity/recruitment of underrepresented minorities into otolaryngology — Alex Chiu (clinical) [Ep 2 · 25:50](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1550)
- Qualitative research using structured interviews to develop themes is as scientifically rigorous as survey research, despite being dismissed as 'someone's opinion' — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 2 · 16:42](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1002)
- Caregiver research for diseases and conditions in otolaryngology is woefully understudied, yet understanding and addressing caregiver burden may have greater impact on child health than prescribed medications — Romaine Johnson (opinion) [Ep 2 · 17:58](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1078)
- Dr. Sykes is a cisgender white man whose lived experience does not always reflect the experiences of the communities he works in, which may introduce bias into his thoughts, writing, or work. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 3 · 1:57](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=117)
- Life expectancy varies dramatically by zip code; in Dr. Sykes' current work area, two zip codes have a mean life expectancy of 68 years, one zip code north it increases to 76 years, and two zip codes north it jumps to 90 years. — Kevin Sykes (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 8:06](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=486)
- Life expectancy differences across zip codes are linked to socioeconomics, race, ethnicity, education levels, healthcare access, historical redlining, and segregation of communities. — Kevin Sykes (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 8:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=525)
- When racial categories are aggregated into groups (e.g., 'white, African American/Black, and everybody else') for statistical reasons, this hinders the ability to see health inequities within Asian communities and American Indian populations. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 12:59](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=779)
- If diversity is absent from clinical trials, we cannot be confident that interventions are effective for all populations or that the data generated are generalizable. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 14:17](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=857)
- Large databases like the National Cancer Database or SEER are not fully representative of safety net community hospitals or areas where historically minoritized communities seek care. — Kevin Sykes (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 15:17](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=917)
- Using community health workers as part of recruiting teams helps reduce cultural barriers to research participation because they understand their population better than academic researchers do. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 16:09](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=969)
- Health equity research takes more time and requires budgets that include appropriate compensation for participation and recognize transportation barriers to arriving at healthcare centers. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 16:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1005)
- Community health workers should be included as full-time equivalent key personnel on research grants, not paid $40 per hour only when they show up, because they contribute to study design, recruitment, analysis, and dissemination. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 3 · 20:44](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1244)
- If a researcher does not intend to disaggregate data by race to examine outcomes, they should not collect race data because it will either bias the analysis or create confusion. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 25:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1507)
- Researchers should not use race as a proxy for socioeconomics, racism, or other forms of oppression; instead, they should directly measure those constructs. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 25:28](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1528)
- Health equity research requires accepting lower statistical power to achieve reasonable recruitment goals within budget and time constraints, rather than sacrificing population diversity to meet recruitment targets. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 27:36](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1656)
- Survey materials must be available in multiple languages, make sense in low-literacy settings, and be administered in private settings when asking about socially undesirable behaviors (drug use, etc.) to avoid making participants uncomfortable. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 28:20](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1700)
- A validated survey instrument may not be valid in a population different from the one in which it was originally validated; researchers must validate instruments in their target population. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 30:31](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1831)
- Qualitative research provides depth that quantitative research lacks; when researchers sacrifice depth for breadth, they often miss the point of why disparities exist. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 3 · 31:30](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1890)
- Semi-structured interviews allow questions to flow conversationally rather than in a fixed order, which is important for understanding the depth of someone's experiences. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 32:23](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1943)
- There is data to support that Black and African American individuals choose surgery less often than other populations in the context of head and neck cancer, a nuanced question requiring in-depth qualitative interviews to understand. — Kevin Sykes (epidemiological) [Ep 3 · 32:58](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=1978)
- The goal of qualitative research is exploration of a concept or phenomenon, not generalizability; it informs how to design quantitative studies and ask questions in ways that capture the experiences of diverse populations. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 33:48](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=2028)
- Qualitative analysis involves verbatim transcription, field notes documenting emotional moments, independent coding by two reviewers, identification of themes, thematic saturation when no new themes emerge, and member checking with participants to validate findings. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 36:00](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=2160)
- Research is about building relationships with participants; without proper relationships, researchers cannot be confident that the information participants provide reflects their true experience. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 3 · 41:41](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=2501)
- Physicians are particularly well-positioned to advocate for marginalized populations with policymakers because policymakers will listen to them. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 3 · 43:27](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=2607)
- In Indiana, researchers used county-level life expectancy data to secure bipartisan support for sustained public health funding by arguing that investment in public health can improve outcomes, similar to how investment in education improved educational outcomes. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 44:22](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=2662)
- Medical students today are more sensitive to health equity issues because media and globalized society expose them to differences in quality of life and the plight of others in different parts of the world. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 3 · 48:45](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=2925)
- Medical education needs to include health equity researchers speaking to students, inviting them to grand rounds, and changing morbidity and mortality conferences to include questions about health equity. — Kevin Sykes (opinion) [Ep 3 · 49:49](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=2989)
- The inaugural GSK Health Equity grant aims to establish an expert consensus on a uniform data set for health disparities measurement in head and neck cancer, identifying the most meaningful, relevant, and practical data points everyone should collect. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 53:28](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=3208)
- The GSK grant's second aim is to apply the uniform data set in a prospective multi-center observational study at 6 centers to determine if it can predict higher stage of presentation with head and neck cancer, with secondary analyses examining discontinuity of care and timely radiotherapy after surgery. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 54:49](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=3289)
- The GSK grant project uses a pragmatic design to assess not only model performance but also implementation barriers, aiming to identify variables that are meaningful but impractical to collect before launching a widespread national project. — Kevin Sykes (clinical) [Ep 3 · 55:46](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/understanding-health-equity-research-w-kevin-sykes-phd-mph-backtable-ent-podcast-ep-152-13232?t=3346)

## Host summaries
Recaps by a host of what the experts said — not the host's own clinical position.
- Research on elite achievers (e.g., top law school students) shows they become more interested in maintaining elite status over time, potentially losing early idealism. — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alexander Chiu said [Ep 4 · 37:07](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/ep-98-health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-with-dr-alexander-chiu-and-dr-romaine-johnson-13236?t=2227)
- Research shows that people who achieve elite status tend to become more interested in maintaining their elite status over time rather than maintaining their initial idealistic goals — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alex Chiu said [Ep 2 · 37:15](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=2235)
- The American Board of Otolaryngology is interested in questions of professionalism, judgment, and justice as part of continuing certification, recognizing that a strong sense of justice and fairness plays a role in being a good physician — Romaine Johnson summarizes what Dr. Alex Chiu said [Ep 2 · 27:51](https://library.globalcastmd.com/watch/health-equity-collaborative-in-ent-w-dr-alexander-chiu-dr-romaine-johnson-ent-podcast-ep-98-13230?t=1671)

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