Implementing Universal Firearm Injury Prevention Interventions across Pediatric Trauma Centers: A type II hybrid effectiveness-implementation study protocol

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Overall, firearms are the leading cause of death for young people ages 1 to 19, and non-fatal firearm injuries are more than twice as prevalent as deaths due to firearm injuries in this age group [1] [2]. Safe firearm storage has repeatedly been shown to reduce firearm suicide, homicide, and unintentional fatalities among children and youth [3] [4]. However, an estimated 4.6 million U.S. children live in homes in which at least one firearm is stored loaded and unlocked [5]. For over a decade, the American Academy of Pediatrics [6] and the American College of Surgeons [7] have recommended adoption of firearm injury prevention counseling as a part of routine clinical practice.

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Article · May 2026 · 1 min read

In brief

This hybrid effectiveness-implementation study examines how to systematically deploy firearm injury prevention interventions across pediatric trauma centers. The protocol addresses the critical gap between evidence-based safe storage counseling recommendations and their adoption in clinical practice, targeting the leading cause of death in youth ages 1-19.

Firearms are the leading cause of death in children ages 1-19, with non-fatal injuries twice as common as deaths.
Safe firearm storage significantly reduces pediatric suicide, homicide, and unintentional firearm deaths.
4.6 million U.S. children live in homes with loaded, unlocked firearms—a preventable risk factor.
AAP and ACS recommend routine firearm injury prevention counseling in clinical practice for over a decade.
This study protocol tests implementation of universal firearm safety interventions across pediatric trauma centers.

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